2026-02-10 20:26

Status: #developing

Tags: #chemistry #cram #nomenclature

Chemistry Nomenclature

Ionic Compound Nomenclature

Criss Cross Rule

• ie. $M{g}^{2+}O{H}^{-}=Mg(OH{)}_2$

Binary Ionic Compounds

• Two Elements
• "-ide" suffix (Metal + NM)
• Univalent Metals (Lose one electron, and are often in a 1:1 configuration):
  • ie. Sodium Chloride $NaCl$
• Multivalent Metals (lose multiple electrons)
  • iron(II) chloride, $FeC{l}^2$

Polyatomic Ions

• Covalently bonded ionic compounds that function as one group that share a common charge
• Oxyanion
  • Polyatomic anions that inc. at least 1 oxygen atom

• Extra Hydrogen Ion Rule for oxyanions

  • Increases an oxyanion's charge by 1 when adding a hydrogen give an oxyanion has 2- or 3- charge
  • Add hydrogen as a suffix
    • ie. hydrogen sulfate

Hydrate Ligands

• Metal Atoms bonded to Water
• Add "hydrate" as a prefix (no "-ide")
  • Ie. $\mathrm{C}uS{O}_4+5H_{2}O=copper(II)sulfatepentahydrate$

Molecular Compound Nomenclature

• Binary compounds
• Add the greek prefix if there is more than one atom for the first atom (binary compound)
• Always add the greek prefix for the second atom (binary compound) and add -ide suffix
  • ie. Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Acid Naming Rules

• Acids are usually aqueous (aq)

Oxyacids

• Oxyanion acid
• Replaced suffixes
  • ate $\to$ ic
  • ite $\to$ ous
• Adds "acid" to end of naming
• Properties
  • (aq) must be aqueous and dissolvable in water
• ie. ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}C{O}_3^{2-}\to$ Carbonic Acid
• Naming Exceptions
  • $H_{2}S{O}_4^{2-}\to$ Sulfuric Acid
  • ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}P{O}_4^{3-}\to$ Phosphoric Acid

Binary Acids

• Typically a halogen + hydrogen (non-binding rule
• Exceptions to binary rule
  • Cyanide ($\mathrm{C}{N}^{-}$)
• Adds prefix "Hydro" and suffix "ic" while adding the word acid
• ie. ${\mathrm{H}}_2{S}_{(aq)}\to$ hydrosulfuric acid

References